diff --git a/Examples/HelloWorld/Package.resolved b/Examples/HelloWorld/Package.resolved
index 9999fca..0e62a5a 100644
--- a/Examples/HelloWorld/Package.resolved
+++ b/Examples/HelloWorld/Package.resolved
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "originHash" : "24cbfc68b865463dd46c318af906571b41ff169eaa9848fbf6c71f2b064530bb",
+  "originHash" : "6dc2d6c87a6cdfc632a08a4d4d645d393b986d542fa02cf5f1be19d02cc8733e",
   "pins" : [
     {
       "identity" : "async-http-client",
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
       "location" : "https://github.com/GraphQLSwift/Graphiti.git",
       "state" : {
-        "revision" : "a23a3d232df202fc158ad2d698926325b470523c",
-        "version" : "3.0.0"
+        "revision" : "3ec7bf90d9884324852af9d96d2ce5aa60e02cde",
+        "version" : "3.1.0"
       }
     },
     {
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
       "location" : "https://github.com/GraphQLSwift/GraphQLTransportWS.git",
       "state" : {
-        "revision" : "6d62d9f980346f0644a5f4dc1593f2b0f1d07b44",
-        "version" : "1.0.0"
+        "revision" : "1fb0dbdec9bc220949370de3024c525c99b754f4",
+        "version" : "2.0.0"
       }
     },
     {
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
       "location" : "https://github.com/GraphQLSwift/GraphQLWS.git",
       "state" : {
-        "revision" : "5a3b62e478668199d22f52df7cc7d44b51394cb4",
-        "version" : "1.0.0"
+        "revision" : "038a19b365faa9dc6d225a9499e8cfd992c996fa",
+        "version" : "2.0.0"
       }
     },
     {
diff --git a/Package.resolved b/Package.resolved
index c8aa9ab..626d740 100644
--- a/Package.resolved
+++ b/Package.resolved
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "originHash" : "78b8062b4c6f9e751b88d65f6b57fb80012daef3bfd81d95874b910c9ce8c7d7",
+  "originHash" : "1eb52908fbc0ae1b534690c740bf8362cebbe2c158c780d85b12afdfb5665fe2",
   "pins" : [
     {
       "identity" : "async-http-client",
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
       "location" : "https://github.com/GraphQLSwift/Graphiti.git",
       "state" : {
-        "revision" : "a23a3d232df202fc158ad2d698926325b470523c",
-        "version" : "3.0.0"
+        "revision" : "3ec7bf90d9884324852af9d96d2ce5aa60e02cde",
+        "version" : "3.1.0"
       }
     },
     {
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
       "location" : "https://github.com/GraphQLSwift/GraphQLTransportWS.git",
       "state" : {
-        "revision" : "6d62d9f980346f0644a5f4dc1593f2b0f1d07b44",
-        "version" : "1.0.0"
+        "revision" : "1fb0dbdec9bc220949370de3024c525c99b754f4",
+        "version" : "2.0.0"
       }
     },
     {
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@
       "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
       "location" : "https://github.com/GraphQLSwift/GraphQLWS.git",
       "state" : {
-        "revision" : "5a3b62e478668199d22f52df7cc7d44b51394cb4",
-        "version" : "1.0.0"
+        "revision" : "038a19b365faa9dc6d225a9499e8cfd992c996fa",
+        "version" : "2.0.0"
       }
     },
     {
diff --git a/Package.swift b/Package.swift
index 9bfa0c4..542dae8 100644
--- a/Package.swift
+++ b/Package.swift
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ let package = Package(
     ],
     dependencies: [
         .package(url: "https://github.com/GraphQLSwift/GraphQL.git", from: "4.0.0"),
-        .package(url: "https://github.com/GraphQLSwift/GraphQLTransportWS.git", from: "1.0.0"),
-        .package(url: "https://github.com/GraphQLSwift/GraphQLWS.git", from: "1.0.0"),
+        .package(url: "https://github.com/GraphQLSwift/GraphQLTransportWS.git", from: "2.0.0"),
+        .package(url: "https://github.com/GraphQLSwift/GraphQLWS.git", from: "2.0.0"),
         .package(url: "https://github.com/vapor/vapor.git", from: "4.0.0"),
     ],
     targets: [
diff --git a/Sources/GraphQLVapor/WebSocket/GraphQLHandler+handleWebSocket.swift b/Sources/GraphQLVapor/WebSocket/GraphQLHandler+handleWebSocket.swift
index f0836cc..81633b3 100644
--- a/Sources/GraphQLVapor/WebSocket/GraphQLHandler+handleWebSocket.swift
+++ b/Sources/GraphQLVapor/WebSocket/GraphQLHandler+handleWebSocket.swift
@@ -22,9 +22,13 @@ extension GraphQLHandler {
                 }
             },
             onUpgrade: { websocket in
-                let messageStream = AsyncThrowingStream<String, Error> { continuation in
+                let messageStream = AsyncThrowingStream<Data, Error> { continuation in
+                    // By subprotocol specs, messages must be `text` and UTF8
                     websocket.onText { _, text in
-                        continuation.yield(text)
+                        guard let data = text.data(using: .utf8) else {
+                            return
+                        }
+                        continuation.yield(data)
                     }
                     websocket.onClose.whenComplete { result in
                         switch result {
diff --git a/Sources/GraphQLVapor/WebSocket/WebSocketMessenger.swift b/Sources/GraphQLVapor/WebSocket/WebSocketMessenger.swift
index e585aa8..87e45cd 100644
--- a/Sources/GraphQLVapor/WebSocket/WebSocketMessenger.swift
+++ b/Sources/GraphQLVapor/WebSocket/WebSocketMessenger.swift
@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@ import GraphQLTransportWS
 import GraphQLWS
 import WebSocketKit
 
+import struct Foundation.Data
+
 /// Messenger wrapper for WebSockets
 struct WebSocketMessenger: GraphQLTransportWS.Messenger, GraphQLWS.Messenger {
     let websocket: WebSocket
 
-    func send<S: Collection>(_ message: S) async throws where S.Element == Character {
-        try await websocket.send(message)
+    func send(_ message: Data) async throws {
+        try await websocket.send(String(decoding: message, as: UTF8.self))
     }
 
     func error(_ message: String, code: Int) async throws {