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Improved theme translation performance by caching compiled messages - #30704
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WalkthroughThe change adds a shared bounded LRU memoization helper and uses it to cache compiled I18n message formatters by locale and message. The I18n service resets the cache during initialization and handles errors from formatter construction and message formatting. New unit tests cover memoization behavior, cache limits, reset behavior, and formatter fallback cases. Suggested reviewers: Priority: ➖ Normal Change: Refactor Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to The change caches compiled theme translation messages to cut CPU use on frontend requests. No merge-blocking risk was identified in the supplied context. Normal CI and test checks still apply. 🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 6✅ Passed checks (6 passed)
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nx run @tryghost/admin:test:acceptance --shard=2/2 |
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nx run @tryghost/koenig-lexical:test:acceptance... |
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nx run ghost:test:ci:integration |
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nx run ghost:test:legacy |
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nx run @tryghost/comments-ui:test:acceptance --... |
✅ Succeeded | 39s | View ↗ |
nx run @tryghost/admin:test:acceptance --shard=1/2 |
✅ Succeeded | 5m 58s | View ↗ |
nx run ghost:test:integration |
✅ Succeeded | 3m 8s | View ↗ |
nx run @tryghost/admin:build |
✅ Succeeded | 5s | View ↗ |
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✅ Succeeded | ... | View ↗ |
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☁️ Nx Cloud last updated this comment at 2026-09-30 15:22:59 UTC
Codecov Report❌ Patch coverage is
Additional details and impacted files@@ Coverage Diff @@
## main #30704 +/- ##
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+ Coverage 69.19% 69.30% +0.10%
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Files 1622 1626 +4
Lines 59346 59424 +78
Branches 10253 10263 +10
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+ Hits 41067 41185 +118
+ Misses 15990 15952 -38
+ Partials 2289 2287 -2
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Benchmarked on the Pro image — the parser was the largest single allocatorThis PR notes "no post-change load profile has been collected yet". Here's one. Measured on the Moya Pro benchmark (
Both packages drop off the bottom of a full 25-row table in both integration runs. The headline finding is the allocation, which the original profile didn't capture: So the ~2% of busy time this PR attributed to the ICU path was, if anything, an underestimate of what caching it buys. The combined branch came in at −11.5% CPU for the same fixed workload (pairs: −13.3%, −9.6%), with the two arms not overlapping — the worst integration run still beat the best baseline by 9.6%. This PR and #30722 (the nconf freeze) are the two dominant contributors; the others are not separable from noise at this resolution. Caveat on attribution: this was measured with all six PRs combined, not with this one in isolation. The per-package figures above come from the profile lane, which attributes self time and allocation by package, so they're direct measurements rather than a subtraction — but I haven't run this PR alone, and I can't rule out interaction with the others from these runs. For context on reading any of these numbers: Generated by Claude Code |
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Review comments at
@ghost/core/test/unit/frontend/services/theme-engine/i18n/cache.test.js:
- Line 1: Convert the cache test from JavaScript to TypeScript by changing its
file extension to .ts and adapting its imports and declarations to TypeScript;
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ghost/core/core/shared/memoize.tsghost/core/test/unit/frontend/services/theme-engine/i18n/cache.test.jsghost/core/test/unit/shared/memoize.test.ts
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📓 Path-based instructions (6)
Review whether tests prove changed behaviour, meaningful error/edge paths, and externally observable contracts without coupling to implementation details.
⚙️ CodeRabbit configuration file
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ghost/core/test/unit/shared/memoize.test.tsghost/core/test/unit/frontend/services/theme-engine/i18n/cache.test.js
New source files must be TypeScript: flag new JS files as a required change unless exempt (DB migrations, apps/ember-admin/, tool/config files, scripts/, docker/, generated code).
⚙️ CodeRabbit configuration file
Files:
ghost/core/test/unit/frontend/services/theme-engine/i18n/cache.test.js
Review lens: "where does this data become trusted?" Boundary data (HTTP input, external API/SDK responses, env/config, DB/filesystem reads, queue/webhook/event payloads) is `unknown` until validated — Zod by default.
⚙️ CodeRabbit configuration file
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ghost/core/test/unit/shared/memoize.test.tsghost/core/core/shared/memoize.ts
Prioritise concrete correctness, security, data-integrity, compatibility, and regression risks.
⚙️ CodeRabbit configuration file
Files:
ghost/core/test/unit/shared/memoize.test.tsghost/core/test/unit/frontend/services/theme-engine/i18n/cache.test.jsghost/core/core/shared/memoize.ts
Source excerpt: Built Admin assets are copied into `ghost/core/core/built/admin/` for the Ghost release.
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Files:
ghost/core/test/unit/shared/memoize.test.tsghost/core/test/unit/frontend/services/theme-engine/i18n/cache.test.jsghost/core/core/shared/memoize.ts
Source excerpt: Ghost has several test suites across the monorepo.
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ghost/core/test/unit/shared/memoize.test.tsghost/core/test/unit/frontend/services/theme-engine/i18n/cache.test.js
🧠 Learnings (1)
📚 Learning: 2026-08-03T21:09:05.797Z
Learnt from: troyciesco
Repo: TryGhost/Ghost PR: 29723
File: ghost/core/test/unit/server/services/automations/automations-repository.test.ts:2117-2117
Timestamp: 2026-08-03T21:09:05.797Z
Learning: In TypeScript test files, treat each `it(...)` or `test(...)` callback as a separate function scope. Identically named local declarations, such as `queries` or `recordQuery`, in separate test callbacks are valid and should not be reported as duplicate block-scoped declarations.
Applied to files:
ghost/core/test/unit/shared/memoize.test.ts
🔇 Additional comments (2)
ghost/core/core/shared/memoize.ts (1)
1-62: LGTM!ghost/core/test/unit/shared/memoize.test.ts (1)
1-158: LGTM!
no ref Repeated frontend translations were reparsing identical ICU messages. Compiled formatters are now memoized by locale and resolved translation content, cleared on theme initialization, and bounded to 5,000 entries in LRU order, because fulltext keys can contain arbitrary content. The memo goes through a new core/shared/memoize helper rather than a hand-rolled Map: a keyed memo backed by lru-cache with a required bound, for pure derivations of immutable inputs. It is not a cache: there is no TTL and no invalidation beyond reset(), so nothing derived from mutable state belongs in it. It lives in core/shared because frontend and shared code both need it, and it replaces the @tryghost/memoize package proposed separately, which had no consumer outside core. A malformed message is never memoized, because compiling it throws. A valid message stays memoized when formatting fails for missing bindings, since the compiled formatter itself is still correct for the next call. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Repeated frontend translations construct and parse the same ICU message on every request. A CPU profile under a 5,000-request frontend load attributed about 3 seconds (2% of busy time) to intl-messageformat and its parser.
Memoize compiled MessageFormat instances on the legacy I18n instance, keyed by locale and resolved translation content. The memo is cleared during init() and bounded to 5,000 entries in LRU order, because fulltext keys can contain arbitrary content. A malformed message is never memoized, since compiling it throws. A valid message stays memoized when formatting fails for missing bindings; the fallback is still returned for that call. The themeI18next path is unchanged.
New shared helper. The memo goes through
ghost/core/core/shared/memoize.ts(about 60 lines) rather than a hand-rolledMap.memoize(compute, key, {max})is a keyed memo backed bylru-cache(added toghost/coreand the catalog at 11.5.2, a version already in the lockfile). The returned function carriesreset(), andmaxis required.It is for pure derivations of immutable inputs, not a cache: there is no TTL and no invalidation beyond
reset(), so nothing derived from mutable state belongs in it. It has no global state and no config option. This replaces the@tryghost/memoizepackage proposed in #30886, which had no consumer outside core. #30753 uses it for the date helper's locale candidates.This is the first PR in a frontend performance stack. It targets main and provides the baseline for testing this fix independently and measuring additional small fixes cumulatively. Subsequent stack PRs should branch from and target
codex/frontend-perf-01-i18n-cache. No post-change load profile has been collected yet.Validation:
test/unit/shared/memoize.test.ts: 8 tests for the helper.test/unit/frontend/services/theme-engine/i18n: 25 tests pass, including six cache tests covering reuse with fresh bindings, changed translation content, locale separation, init clearing, error fallback, and the LRU bound. They assert on how often a message is parsed, not on the memo's internals.pnpm install --frozen-lockfileis clean.