feat(android-nav3): [Android Nav3 5] Make SentryNavEffect accessible to sample apps

[0xadam-brown]

PR Stack (Android Nav3)

• feat(android-nav3): Android Nav3 integration #6128
• feat(android-nav3): [Android Nav3 1] Create the navigation3 module #6129
• feat(android-nav3): [Android Nav3 2] Model navigation routes #6130
• feat(android-nav3): [Android Nav3 3] Track navigation state transitions #6131
• feat(android-nav3): [Android Nav3 4] Introduce SentryNavEffect #6132
• feat(android-nav3): [Android Nav3 5] Make SentryNavEffect accessible to sample apps #6137

---

📜 Description

Make SentryNavEffect public so the Nav3 sample app can consume the API shape we intend to expose.

Still marked as @ApiStatus.Internal until we actually release + include a CHANGELOG.

💡 Motivation and Context

The sample app should validate the actual API host apps will use. Keeping SentryNavEffect
internal blocks that validation, so this PR exposes the effect as the next step in the Nav3 stack.

addresses: JAVA-274

💚 How did you test it?

• Existing unit tests
• API dump updated via CI / local verification as needed

📝 Checklist

• I added GH Issue ID & Linear ID
• I added tests to verify the changes.
• No new PII added or SDK only sends newly added PII if sendDefaultPII is enabled.
• I updated the docs if needed.
• I updated the wizard if needed.
• Review from the native team if needed.
• Public API changes reviewed by another Mobile SDK team member or implemented according to the develop docs spec.

🔮 Next steps

• Expose the remaining Nav3 public APIs needed by the sample app
• Add module README and docs

#skip-changelog

⚠️ Merge this PR using a merge commit (not squash). This PR should merge into the effect branch first, then flow back down the chain.

[github-actions]

	Messages
📖	Do not forget to update Sentry-docs with your feature once the pull request gets approved.

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[sentry]

📲 Install Builds

Android

🔗 App Name	App ID	Version	Configuration
SDK Size	io.sentry.tests.size	8.57.0 (1)	release

⚙️ sentry-android Build Distribution Settings

[runningcode]

This looks good.
Btw, if you aren't merging parts of the stack to master, I think you can just set the visibility correctly in the PR that introduces the class.

[runningcode]

nit: all the public declarations are redundant in this PR. not sure if we have any style guide on that.